A long-term, spatially replicated experimental test of the effect of marine reserves on local fish yields
نویسندگان
چکیده
Do no-take marine reserves affect fishery yields? Manipulations of reserve status, and yield estimates, were made at two Philippine islands over two decades. Twenty-five percent and ten percent, respectively, of the coral reefs at Sumilon and Apo islands were made no-take reserves in 1974 and 1982. Biomass of target fish increased inside the no-take reserves 3to 4.5-fold over 9–18 years. Biomass did not increase outside each reserve. Protection of the Sumilon reserve ceased in 1984. Biomass of targeted fish in the reserve and trap and gillnet catches of these fish declined by 42.7% and 40%, respectively, by 1985. The reserve was reprotected from 1987 to 1991 and from 1995 to 2001. Fish biomass increased in the reserve by 27.2%. Trap and gillnet catches outside the reserve increased 26.9% by 2001. The Apo reserve was protected from 1982 to 2001. Total catch of major fish families was significantly higher after (1985–2001) than before (1981) reserve establishment at Apo, increasing 41.3% between 1981 and 1998–2001. These experiments, plus spillover evidence, suggest that marine reserves may help maintain, or even enhance, local fishery yields in the long-term. Résumé : Est-ce que les réserves marines sans pêche affectent le rendement des pêches? Des manipulations du statut de réserves et des estimations des rendements ont été faites près de deux îles des Philippines au cours de deux décennies. Respectivement 25 % et 10 % des récifs coralliens près des îles Sumilon et Apo ont été déclarés des réserves sans pêche en 1974 et en 1982. La biomasse des poissons ciblés a augmenté d’un facteur de 3–4,5 fois dans les réserves sans pêche au cours d’une période de 9–18 ans. La biomasse n’a pas augmenté à l’extérieur de ces deux réserves. La protection de la réserve de Sumilon a cessé en 1984. En 1985 dans la réserve, la biomasse des poissons ciblés et les captures de ces poissons dans des pièges et les filets maillants avaient diminué respectivement de 42,7 % et de 40 %. La réserve a bénéficié de nouveau de protection en 1987–1991 et en 1995–2001. La biomasse des poissons dans la réserve a augmenté de 27,2 %. En 2001, les captures au piège et au filet maillant hors de la réserve avaient augmenté de 26,9 %. Les captures totales de poissons des familles importantes étaient plus fortes après (1985–2001) qu’avant (1981) l’établissement de la réserve à Apo et ont augmenté de 41,3 % entre 1981 et 1998–2001. Ces expériences, plus des évidences de l’existence de débordements de populations, indiquent que les réserves marines peuvent servir à maintenir et même à améliorer à long terme les rendements des pêches locales. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Alcala et al. 108
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